Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (2024)

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" How does cornstarch work ? "

Dear Anne and Sue,

OK, so what's the deal with cornstarch? Why, when it's supposed to thicken, does it sometimes seem to go the opposite way and make stuff runnier? How does cornstarch work?

Thank you,
Dallas R.
Calgary, AB

Still have more questions? You'll find more answers in our archived monthly feature articles by the Inquisitive Cooks.

( Meet the Inquisitive Cooks )

Hi Dallas,

As you've discovered, starches are sometimes noted for their idiosyncrasies! Cornstarch is one of the most commonly used thickeners, but it has some unique traits. So thanks for the good question!

Cornstarch must be cooked to 95°C (203°F) before thickening begins. At that point, it usually thickens fairly quickly and the sauce turns from opaque to transparent. When cornstarch thins after it's thickened, it's usually due to continued stirring. Once the thickening network forms, any agitation interferes with the setting process. The sauce thins when the starch network that sets and traps the liquid is broken. Liquid is released and thins the sauce.

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While cornstarch thickens as it heats, it also sets as it cools, so it's particularly useful as a gelling agent for desserts that must hold their shape such as lemon pie filling. Also, as cornstarch becomes clear when thick, while flour remains somewhat opaque, the color of fruit sauces is deeper and more appealing when those sauces are thickened with cornstarch. Cornstarch also sometimes appears to thin as it stands. This is due to a process called syneresis (commonly referred to as weeping). What you'll see is a fluid seeping from the gel. This problem is more evident if the gel (often a pudding or pie filling) also contains eggs or has a high sugar concentration. People often wonder what the difference is between cornstarch and flour. Both are cereal starches, but cornstarch is pure starch while flour contains gluten. The gluten reduces the thickening power of flour. One tablespoon of cornstarch thickens one cup (250 mL) of liquid to a medium consistency. It takes two tablespoons of flour—twice as much—to thicken the same amount of liquid.

Your query really brings up the point that there's a lot to learn about the thickeners that cooks use every day. Wishing you successful sauces!

Anne & Sue

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Science of Cooking: Ask the Inquisitive Cooks! (2024)

FAQs

What is the science behind cooking? ›

One of the most important chemical reactions that occur during cooking is the Maillard reaction. This is what happens when you heat food and it browns on the outside. In the Maillard reaction, the heat allows amino acids to react with reducing sugars.

What are the scientific principles of cooking? ›

Let's take a closer look at a few reactions between heat and food and discover the scientific principles behind some of our favorite dishes.
  • Maillard Reaction: The Browning Magic. ...
  • Protein Denaturation: Changing Structures. ...
  • Gelatinization: The Science of Starch. ...
  • Caramelization: Sugars at Work. ...
  • Cooking Oil and Heat Transfer.
Oct 6, 2023

Is cooking chemistry or physics? ›

For example, the art of cooking itself is chemistry; we use various processes, including heating up and freezing food, adding spices to your favorite dish, browning bread, and more. Chemistry is an essential component in the kitchen.

Is cooking a science or math? ›

While cooks and chefs don't need science or math degrees, they do need a working knowledge of the principles of numbers, chemistry, and biology.

What is cooking science called? ›

molecular gastronomy, the scientific discipline concerned with the physical and chemical transformations that occur during cooking.

What are basic questions to ask? ›

Here are 10 conversation starters you can use to stimulate a conversation with someone new:
  • How do you spend your free time?
  • What's your favorite food?
  • Do you listen to any podcasts?
  • Have you heard of [movie or TV show you enjoy]?
  • What's your favorite thing to do on the weekend?
  • Do you have any pets?

Does cooking count as science? ›

While food science and culinary science both have 'science' in the name, the two fields are quite different. Food science concentrates solely on the biochemistry, biology and chemical engineering of food while culinary science integrates both culinary arts and food science.

Is cooking an art or science? ›

Cooking, also known as cookery or professionally as the culinary arts, is the art, science and craft of using heat to make food more palatable, digestible, nutritious, or safe.

How is science used in kitchen? ›

Heat and thermodynamics. One of the most basic kitchen operations is to heat food to change its texture or chemical make-up (or both). To ensure some degree of consistency between cooks there is a need to have some assurance that the temperatures used in different kitchens are closely similar (if not the same).

How does physics work in cooking? ›

Manipulating the temperature of food is central to many cooking processes, from baking a cake to making ice cream. Thermal energy can flow by dif- fusion. The temperature of a food over time T(t) depends on its starting temperature Tin, the external tem- perature Tout, and the size of the food L.

What is the cooking show about the science of cooking? ›

Chef Secrets: The Science of Cooking features a diverse cast of experts who use their scientific know-how to create appetizers, desserts and everything in between.

Does cooking use scientific method? ›

If you are using a recipe you then need the correct measurement, and exact cooking method. So it can be scientific.

What is the science behind cooked meat? ›

The Maillard reaction is responsible for the browning and flavor of cooked meat. The reaction produces hundreds of different compounds, including aldehydes, ketones, and amines. These compounds give cooked meat its characteristic savory flavor.

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